Control Statements in C
Control statements in C determine the flow of execution of a program. These statements help in decision-making, looping, and branching.
Types of Control Statements
1. Conditional Statements
Conditional statements allow the program to make decisions based on conditions.
if Statement
Executes a block of code if a specified condition is true.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num = 10;
if (num > 0) {
printf("Number is positive.");
}
return 0;
}if-else Statement
Executes one block of code if the condition is true and another block if it is false.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num = -5;
if (num > 0) {
printf("Positive number.");
} else {
printf("Negative number.");
}
return 0;
}if-else if-else Statement
Used when multiple conditions need to be checked.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num = 0;
if (num > 0) {
printf("Positive number.");
} else if (num < 0) {
printf("Negative number.");
} else {
printf("Zero.");
}
return 0;
}switch Statement
Used when a variable needs to be compared with multiple values.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int day = 3;
switch (day) {
case 1:
printf("Monday");
break;
case 2:
printf("Tuesday");
break;
case 3:
printf("Wednesday");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid day");
}
return 0;
}2. Looping Statements
Looping statements execute a block of code multiple times.
for Loop
Executes a block of code for a specified number of times.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
printf("%d\n", i);
}
return 0;
}while Loop
Executes a block of code while a condition is true.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int i = 1;
while (i <= 5) {
printf("%d\n", i);
i++;
}
return 0;
}do-while Loop
Executes a block of code at least once before checking the condition.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int i = 1;
do {
printf("%d\n", i);
i++;
} while (i <= 5);
return 0;
}3. Jump Statements
Jump statements alter the normal flow of execution.
break Statement
Used to exit a loop or switch statement.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
if (i == 3) {
break;
}
printf("%d\n", i);
}
return 0;
}continue Statement
Skips the current iteration of a loop and moves to the next iteration.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
if (i == 3) {
continue;
}
printf("%d\n", i);
}
return 0;
}goto Statement
Transfers control to a labeled statement in the program.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num = 5;
if (num > 0) {
goto positive;
}
printf("This won't print.");
positive:
printf("Number is positive.");
return 0;
}Control statements are essential for structuring a program's execution. Understanding them is crucial for writing efficient and logical C programs.
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